Bisque Firing Temperature Ceramic Cone Chart

For example most commercial glazes recommend bisque firing to cone 04 and glaze firing to cone 06 which is cooler.

Bisque firing temperature ceramic cone chart.

Mostly yellow with a hint of orange. However low fire temperatures allow potters to use a variety of colorants that either burn off or become unstable at higher temperatures. What temperature should a bisque firing go to. Sometimes doing their first fire as low as 010.

Yellow yellow orange orange red orange cherry red dull red dark red dull red glow black firing converts ceramic work. The reason for this is to make sure all the carbon and other materials in the clay burn out during the bisque firing. To become hard and glass like clay must be fired. In the past this was mainly due to limitations in kiln technology.

Kiln firing chart temperature c f 1400 2552 1300 2372 1200 2192 1100 2012 1000 1832 900 0111652 800 1472 700 0191292 600 1112 500 932 400 752 300 572 200 392 100 212 cone approx 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 01 02 03. This is the most common temperature range for industrial ceramics. This means that it must be baked in a special furnace called a kiln to a minimum temperature of about 1112 f. Temperature equivalent chart for orton cones cone 022 14 pyrometric cones have been used to monitor ceramic firings for more than 100 years.

Mid fire earthenware should be fired between cone 2 and cone 7. Ware and glaze types. Cone temperature conversion chart. Low fire white terra cotta is generally bisque fired at cone 02 to 1.

They are useful in determining when a firing is complete if the kiln provided enough heat if there was a temperature difference in the kiln or if a problem occured during the firing. In low fire the bisque temperature is usually hotter than the firing temperature. Generally bisque firing is done between cone 08 and cone 04 no matter what the maturation temperature of the clay and of the glazes that will be used later. However as stated above other potters choose to bisque fire at other temperatures.

A body clay with underglaze can be bisque fired at cone 4 to 6 then have a low fire glaze firing at cone 06 to 04. From this position as long as you are bisque firing slowly cone 04 is an optimal temperature to bisque fire. Raku clay is usually bisque fired to cone 04 to 1 clays that are to have crystalline glazes should be bisque fired slightly higher than normal i e. To cone 02 approx.

By cone 08 the ware is sintered and has become a ceramic material. They recommend a cone 04 bisque fire regardless of what clay and glaze you are using. 2048 f 1120 c the low fire range has historically been the most commonly used firing range.